IEC 60335-1 is the general part of the safety series that governs household and similar electrical appliances. It applies to appliances rated up to 250 V single phase and 480 V for other arrangements, and it is the document on which the part 2 requirements for individual product families, from refrigerators to vacuum cleaners, are built. The standard is organised around the hazards an appliance can present: electric shock, fire, mechanical injury, high temperature and radiation. For each it defines the construction requirements, the protection against access to live parts, the insulation levels and the test procedures used to demonstrate compliance. Tests include dielectric strength and insulation resistance measurements, leakage current at operating temperature, temperature rise of windings and accessible surfaces, moisture resistance, mechanical strength and endurance, and a series of abnormal working conditions in which motors stall, relays stick or ventilation is blocked. Component and material requirements, marking and instructions complete the document. It is the benchmark applied by manufacturers, notified bodies and market surveillance authorities in most of the world.